Application of Salam - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1326 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Tags: Act Essay Did you like this example? Application of Baià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Salam In Baià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Salam is a type of product that the bank or financial institution will give the liquidated cash or capital in advance to the needy to produce their commodities and later the commodities will be deliver to them. While in Baià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Salam itself it can be divided into three difference type of contracts. They are parallel Salam, Hybrid Salam and also Salam financing working capital. Firstly, the parallel Salam is a common salam that use by the bank and the customer. In a parallel Salam, the bank itself will be entering into two different contracts with two different parties. In this two different contracts, the bank acted as different role. In the first contract the bank will acted as a buyer while entering the second the bankà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s role had change from buyer to a seller. As we can know from the name of this contract, parallel salam, which also means that both contract t hat entered by the bank or financial institution cannot be tied together with each other. In other words, both contracts must not have any relations and must be independent from each other. All the rights and obligations that had been imposed or set in each contracts will stand alone and independent. Those regulations performance shall not be look as a whole or put together as both contracts must be independent. Therefore, both contracts must not contingent with each other. The flows of this type of contract will be start when the bank acted as a buyer and entered a contract with the another party who acted as a seller by selling his or her commodities to the bank. The bank will first give liquidated cash and capital that need by the seller before he can produce his commodities. The payment will be done in advance and also in full and the delivers of commodities will be done later. Next, after received the commodities from the seller, the bank will change his role to a seller and entered another contract with the customer or buyer who will buy the commodities from the bank. The payment will be given in a purchase price along with the profit margin. The bank will gain from the profit margin that paid by the customer. For example, Islamic Bank had entered a Salam contract with Farmer A to purchase 2000 sack of rice which will be delivered 6 months from the dated the agreement entered. The bank will give RM 500 000 to Farmer A to plant crops until harvest, packaging in advance. Later, Farmer A will deliver the 2000 sack of rice to the bank on the agreed date. Meanwhile, the bank had entered another salam contract with Customer B to sell the 2000 sack of rice in the purchase price RM 500 000 plus the profit margin RM 500 000. As both contract should not have any relation, the delivery of 2000 sack of rice to the Customer B have nothing relations to the delivery 2000 sack of rice from Farmer A to the Bank. So, even when the time to deliver the 2000 sack of rice by the farmer A to the Bank had reached but the Farmer A had not deliver or cannot produce that amount of commodities to the Bank, the bank cannot rid from the liability of failing to deliver the rice. The duty to deliver the 2000 sack of rice to Customer B is bound on the Bank. The bank must take any other way to deliver the rice to customer B for example buy the rice from the ready market. In the same situation, if the Farmer A had gave the Bank the commodities which is defect or had not reached the specifications agreed between the bank and the Customer B, is the duty or obligation of the bank to produce or find another way to deliver the agreed specification commodities to the customer. In parallel salam, it also must have a third party. This means that the seller of the first contract cannot be the purchaser in the second contract. It is not allow as in salam that cannot be a buy-back contract. This type of contract is also not allow or is prohibits in Syariah law. Eve n the purchaser on second agreement is a separate legal entity but is the owner of this entity is belong fully to the seller in first contract is also not allow. For example, Bank A gives cash in advance to Farmer A in return for commodities later. The bank enter an agreement to sell the commodities to Farmer A or a company owned fully by Farmer A. This will be a Buy-back Contract which is not allowed or permissible in shariah law. Second type of contract in Salam will be the hybrid salam. This type of contract also involve third party but slightly different form the parallel salam. In this contract, first the bank will enter a contract with the seller to give capital or cash in advance and exchange the commodities later. The different is here, the bank will not enter another contract with the third party which is the purchaser. The bank will be appoint the seller in the first contract to find a customer to purchase the commodities. In this sense, the seller had been appointed as an agent to buy the product. The commodities will be delivered straight by the seller to the purchaser and not pass through the bank. The payment by the purchaser will be pay to the bank straightly in the purchase price plus the profit margin. While for the seller that acted also as an agent will be give a commission by the bank. For example, Bank A had entered an agreement with the Producer B. The bank will give money in advance for the producer to produce his commodities while after the commodities had been produced, the bank will not find any other customer to buy the commodities. This will be the duty for the Producer B to find third party which is the Customer C to purchase his commodities as the bank had appointed Producer B as an agent. After the commodities had produced, Producer B will deliver the commodities to Customer C rather than delivered to the Bank A. The payment will be made by the Customer C toward the Bank A in a price of the purchase price that the Bank A purchased from the seller plus the profit margin. While the Producer B as a n agent will be given some commission from the Bank A. Therefore, the another different from parallel will be the duty to deliver the goods in a specific date, specific number and also the specific specifications that agreed previously by the customer. Lastly will be the Salam Financing Working Capital, which is much more similar to the Hybrid Salam Financing. In this type of contract, the bank at first will also entered agreement with the seller by giving capital in advance in exchange of goods. At the same time, the seller also will be appointed by the bank as an agent to find a purchaser. Until here the flow is same as the Hybrid Salam Financing. The only different between this two types of contracts will be the purchaser. In hybrid salam financing, the purchaser will be only a single person or a single legal entity. While in Salam Financing Working Capital, the purchaser must be a group of purchaser which means must be more than one person. The contract entered between the seller and the group of purchaser will be a normal sale and purchase agreement. The agent will also be give the commission by the bank when successfully found a group of purchaser and delivered the correct commodities to them. These are the three types of contracts that involved in Baià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Salam. These three types of contracts each have their own advantages and disadvantages. The customer can choose between these three contracts which is most fits with him or her requirements. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Application of Salam" essay for you Create order

The School That I Would Give Temple University Essay

I have attended only three different schools before NECC. The school that I thought was by far the most dynamic and helped me retain information better was Temple University. I would give Temple University an A, because I was exposed to several different teaching styles, which made the classes much more memorable. I remember sitting in my Language in Society Class thinking â€Å"Why are we taking a group quiz? He might as well just hand out the A’s.† But it was much deeper than that. I had to learn how to balance speaking and listening for group participation, in addition to time management. It wasn’t like a group project, because we were just working together for one timed class period instead of having days of preparation. These were skills that I came to realize were much more important outside of school. I’ve noticed a lot at work, when we have to make a timed decision especially, that people would dominate conversations and leave people’s opini ons out. Now, I actually want to hear from people who are quieter as opposed to just thinking that they agree with whatever is being said. I had several different teachers that would challenge the structure of a â€Å"normal† classroom. Being a Linguistics/Speech Pathology major at Temple University meant a lot of my classes were voice and sound related. I can’t begin to describe the weird sounds and phrases we had to produce with our mouths. Learning this way really helped because learning where my alveolar ridge is and how a specificShow MoreRelatedMy Professional Development Plan After Graduation1685 Words   |  7 Pagesgraduation, I want to take further steps to work for Admissions. Luckily, as a part of my current job, I am given the opportunity to meet the Temple s Admission staff because they rotate to Ambler each week. 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Faulker vs. Hemingway free essay sample

Compare and contrast: Hemingway v. Faulkner Each writer has its very own and unique style when writing a story. The style a writer uses to write a story shows the tone being use, symbolism, characterization and description, enough for the reader to understand the story. Two well-known writers with completely different styles are Ernest Hemingway and William Faulkner. â€Å"Faulkner uses many words to weave an intricate picture in the readers head of what is going on, and Hemingway uses many monosyllabic words to create a seemingly simple story† (Dayan). Their similarities and differences in style are seen when comparing and contrasting two of their famous short stories, â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place† by Ernest Hemingway and â€Å"Barn Burning† by William Faulkner. Ernest Hemingway’s story â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place† uses simple words that directly mean what they stand for. Hemingway uses simple, less complex words to describe both characters and setting. We will write a custom essay sample on Faulker vs. Hemingway or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Examples of it are found in the title, â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place† (Hemingway 141). The two waiters describe the customer as a â€Å"clean old man a good client† (Hemingway 141). Hemingway’s word choice was blunt and to the point. The word usage does not let the reader get funny ideas or leeway to think anything other than what Hemingway says. Hemingway’s style reflects when the young waiter states the old man is â€Å"drunk† (Hemingway 141). The young waiter does not suggest he was tipsy or that he seemed intoxicated, he simply meant he was drunk. On the other hand, William Faulkner’s use of words are more complicated due to the fact they are slang and misspelled. Some misspelled words and slang are â€Å"kin hisn and hit† (Faulkner 145) which stands for the words can, his, and it. The reason for the use of a southern accent is to set the mood of where the story takes place. Racist slurs such as â€Å"nigger† (Faulkner 146) are used to build a certain attitude toward the character who says them. Faulkner describes the way Abner walks as â€Å"stiffly† (Faulkner 146) which also affects the way the reader feels about the character. Many readers who are not familiar with the south the complex word usage in â€Å"Barn Burning† mean many things and nothing at times; this can also affect the reader’s attitude toward the story. In his writing Ernest Hemingway gives you a clearer and easier image of the setting in the story. It was late and everyone had left the cafe except an old man who sat in the shadow the leaves of the trees made against the electric light† (Hemingway 141). Another image follows instantly, of a girl and a soldier hurriedly passing by, â€Å"The street light shone on the brass number on his collar† (Hemingwa y 141). These images are visualized clearly which helps set the setting. The images Hemingway wants to show and describe in his story are put into simple words, which leave no confusion for the reader not to be able to feel or see the story. However William Faulkner uses a different technique. Faulkner’s images are given in difficult wording with excessive details. An example of this is shown in one of his stories, â€Å"ranked shelves close-packed with the solid, squat, dynamic shapes of tin cans whose labels his stomach read the scarlet devils and the silver curve of fish† (Faulkner 145). His description is longer and harder to understand unlike Hemingway which is easier and understandable to read. â€Å"Ernest Hemingway brings us to the moment with speed†¦In contrast Faulkner gently leads, involves and seduces, and then overwhelms† (Hemingway, Line: Ernest). When reading Faulkner’s story’s one must re-read the story in order to understand. In Ernest Hemingway’s story, the details he wants to describe are done to get the theme across. The details of the cafe and the bar are given so one can compare and understand the character’s loneliness and his need for light and cleanness. The cafe was â€Å"clean well-lighted† (Hemingway 144). The bar on the other hand was unpolished. Other details Hemingway includes are those of the old man’s character. â€Å"Last week he tried to commit suicide,† (Hemingway 141) and â€Å"He has plenty of money. (Hemingway 141) are given to descried the old man and set a setting. Also the language used in Faulkner and Hemingway are completely different. For instance the language used in the story â€Å"Barn Burning† by William Faulkner includes informal and slightly slanged words. â€Å"‘Naw,’ he said. â€Å"Hit don’t hurt. Lemme be. â⠂¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬  (Faulkner 147). Interior Monologue also makes up the element of language. Interior monologue is a tool through which a writer can exhibit the thoughts of the characters to the readers. â€Å"I could run on and on and never look back, never need to see his face again. (Faulkner 155) is Sarty’s interior monologue. Faulkner uses interior monologue to prove Sarty was not allowed to express himself freely out of fear. The sentence structure used in a story also has an impact on the reader’s attitude. The sentences are structured in a way to get certain points and feelings across. Sentence structure in Ernest Hemingway’s â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place† includes short, choppy, simple and direct sentences. For example, ‘â€Å"He has plenty of money. †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Hemingway 141) and â€Å"‘Nothing. †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Hemingway 141). Formal, complex and long drawn-out sentences make up the sentence structure in â€Å"Barn Burning† by William Faulkner. â€Å"In the day the street was dusty, but at night the dew settled the dust and the old man liked to sit late because he was deaf and now at night it was quiet and he felt the difference. † (Faulkner 141). His sentences tend to long and breath taking. Faulkner’s style is formal but excessively detailed. He creates sentences extremely complicated that many times the best way to understand them is to go back and re-read the sentence. The boy, crouched on his nail keg at the back of the crowded room, knew he smelled cheese, and more: from where he sat he could see the ranked shelves close-packed with the solid, squat, dynamic shapes of tin cans whose labels his stomach read, not from the lettering which meant nothing to his mind but from the scarlet devils and the silver curve of fish-this, the cheese which he knew he smelled and the hermetic meat which his intestines believed he smelled coming in intermittent gusts momentary and brief between the other constant one, the smell and sense just a little of fear because mostly of despair and grief, the old fierce pull of blood† (Faulkner 145). The style of both Ernest Hemingway and William Faulkner are very different. One style, Hemingway being simple and to the point the other, easy enough for the reader to get a quick understanding and clear image of the story. Faulkner being complicated and full of details makes it complicated for the reader to understand the story. One must be open minded in order to understand Faulkner’s stories and the possible meanings of each one. Works Cited Dayan, Evea. Faulkner Vs. Hemingway: A Comparison of Writing Styles. Associated Content from Yahoo! Associatedcontent. com. Web. 30 July 2011. http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/292995/faulkner_vs_hemingway_a_comparison. html? cat=38 Faulkner, William. â€Å"Barn Burning. † Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Ed. X. J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia. 2nd Compact ed. New York: Longman, 2000. 145-158. Hemingway, Ernest. â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place. † Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Ed. X. J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia. 2nd Compact ed. New York:

Mary Rowlandson free essay sample

Carissa DiPietro Professor Ginsburg LIB133. G Exam 1 Essay A 892 Words Through metaphorical analysis of Shakespeare’s â€Å"The Tempest,† Takaki shows how in each geographical area Caliban was perceived as a different race, supporting the idea that the entire foundation of the English’s definition of â€Å"savagery† was not universally based on race but rather the gap in cultural identity and the judging parties own beliefs on what is â€Å"civilized. Takaki analyzes the demonization of the Indians and interprets this as being based upon the natural inability of humans to understand and appreciate those who are unlike themselves. He essentially expresses that the Indians are not, as a whole and based exclusively upon race, â€Å"savages,† but rather a people misunderstood by a culture different than their own. In presenting his interpretation of events in the 1670’s to the reader, Takaki references the captivity narrative of Mary Rowlandson. Takaki utilizes Rowlandson’s first person account of the events in order to support his interpretation based on dual-sidedness of Rowlandson’s account. We will write a custom essay sample on Mary Rowlandson or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Though Rowlandson did, throughout her narrative, reinforce negative stereotypes of the Indians, she also gave credit where it was due; her stories acknowledge the humanity of the Indians. Essentially, Rowlandson’s account highlights that the Indians were people too, though a people of a different culture and spiritual background than the English were familiar with. Rowlandson begins her narrative with harshly worded judgments of the Indian people. She exclaimed, when discussing her first departure with the Indians, â€Å"†¦Away we must go with those barbarous creatures† (Rowlandson 22). Rowlandson does carry these judgments on throughout much of the narrative; however, she soon begins to acknowledge the kindness of several Indians as well. During the second remove, Rowlandson tells the reader, â€Å"One of the Indians carried my poor wounded babe upon a horse†¦ at length I took it off the horse and carried it in my arms till my strength failed and I fell down with it: Then they set me upon a horse with my wounded child in my lap† (Rowlandson 23). She again exemplifies the kindness of the Indians towards her and her child when she shares that after the child’s death â€Å"they went and showed me where it was, where I saw the ground was newly digged and there they told me they had buried it† (Rowlandson 26). The Indians had not just left the child out in the wilderness to be destroyed by animals, nor harmed it in any way. These displays of humanity support Takaki’s claim that â€Å"Rowlandson’s observations, acknowledging the humanity of the Indians, offered possibilities for the English to understand, even empathize with, the people they were dispossessing† (Takaki 44). Rowlandson did not stop there; however. Not only did she continue to exemplify the humanity of the Indians [for example, when her son’s dame brought him to see her while the dame’s master was away (Rowlandson 26) or when an Indian from Medfield â€Å"asked if I would have a bible†¦ I was glad of it, and asked him, whether he thought the Indians would let me read? e answered yes† (Rowlandson 27)] but actually began to outline a relationship that she was forming with the Indians later in her journey. When she was weeping in the eighth remove, one of them asked her why she was upset and gave her food to comfort her (Rowlandson 30). This establishment of a relationship led to a meeting with K ing Philip whom asked that she create some clothing for his son. Soon, many Indians were asking for Rowlandson’s seamstress services and out of this a mutual respect was born. Rowlandson indicates this to the reader when she discusses the twentieth remove. She states, â€Å"But to return again to my going home†¦ At first they were all against it†¦ but afterwards they†¦ seemed much to rejoice in it; some asked me to send them some bread, others some tobacco†¦ not one moving hand or tongue against it† (Rowlandson 31). After establishing a relationship with Rowlandson the Indians wished the best for her. They did not care to hold her captive any longer. In this they showed her a valuable lesson that Takaki attempts to instill in the reader through chapter two. Rowlandson states in her last sentences of her narrative, â€Å"I hope I can say n some measure, as David did, It is good for me that I have been afflicted. The Lord hath showed me the vanity of these outward things† (Rowlandson 34). Here Rowlandson leaves the reader with the idea that because of what she had gone through she could not only better understand another people and another culture, but also better understand herself. She could relate to the struggles of others and became a more empathic person. It is this value that Takaki attempts to instill in his reader throughout his novel.

How is humour created and employed in Episode 6 of Blackadder Goes Forth Essay Example

How is humour created and employed in Episode 6 of Blackadder Goes Forth Paper Episode six of Blackadder Goes Forth is called Goodbyeee. It was written by Ben Elton and Richard Curtis. Goodbyeee is set in World War One, at the battle of the Somme; in the trenches. World War one is a difficult subject but the writers decided to add a humorous edge to highlight the serious issues of war. Blackadder was always shown before the nine oclock watershed therefore it is suitable for all ages of viewers. There are many types of humour used throughout programmes over the years: Firstly the physical world letting people down. This is often houses collapsing, or cars running away. An example of this type of comedy is featured in The Chuckle Brothers. Secondly the absurd. This type of humour is typical in cartoons, where injuries are never permanent. Commonly used in The Simpsons or Tom and Jerry. Thirdly sexual innuendos. This is where one character will say something innocent; this could be Show us your jugs love. It is implied to the audience that this is a sexual comment, but as the camera turns to the female, she would be holding two jugs of water. Sexual innuendos are used throughout Carry On films. Fourthly satire. Institutions such as the Government, or the Royal Family, are poked fun at. Have I Got News for You revolves entirely around satire. Finally self criticism or self depreciation. For example, Ronnie Corbett is famous for using this type of comedy. He was constantly cracking jokes about his personal flaws or un-favoured features. The first type of humour that is used in Goodbyeee is; verbal humour. Verbal humour could be puns, sarcasm, insults or wisecracks. Other than in Blackadder, this type of humour is used by Frank Skinner and Paul Merton. The second type of humour that is used in episode six of Blackadder Goes Forth is visual humour. We will write a custom essay sample on How is humour created and employed in Episode 6 of Blackadder Goes Forth specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on How is humour created and employed in Episode 6 of Blackadder Goes Forth specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on How is humour created and employed in Episode 6 of Blackadder Goes Forth specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It may also be known as slapstick. This could be a custard pie in the face, or somebodys trousers falling down. Other than in Blackadder, Charlie Chaplin, Buster Keaton and Laurel and Hardy are famous for using visual comedy in their acts. Overall, Blackadder is known as Black comedy. This means making serious issues or subjects into something amusing. The serious issues may be death, food shortage or war. The first time we hear verbal humour being displayed in Goodbyeee, is when Lieutenant George talks about the Pals Battalion that he signed up for the war with. All of Georges friends had rather strange nicknames, e. g. Bumfluff, Jacko and Badger, Sticky and Drippy and Mr Floppy. We hear Lieutenant George tell us that he and his friends had beaten the Oxford Tiddlywinkers only the week before. George then goes on to tell us that, unfortunately, all of his pals had died during the war, although he talks about their deaths in sporting terms. This tells the audience that George has no real concept of war, and even though he is well educated, he has no real life learnings; he is very nai ve. Due to his naivety, George is like a walking, talking propaganda poster. He is very nationalistic and uses jingoistic language gathered from the propaganda at home. The second time we hear verbal humour, is when Edmund Blackadder, gets cold feet about going to war. He decides that he is going to act like he has mental problems, in order to be sent home. He repeats words such as wooble, cluck cluck gibber gibber pah pah etc. Obviously Blackadder is petrified of going to war, unlike educated, middle class Lieutenant George. Blackadder understands that if he goes over the top he faces certain death. Later on Baldrick demonstrates that he doesnt actually know why the war started, a bloke called Archie Duke killed an ostrich cause he was hungry? he questions. The audience knows that the war started because Austro-Hungary invaded Germany. We can instantly tell that Baldrick is ill educated, and easily confused, but also, Baldrick is very loyal to anyone in a superior position to himself, I think this because he fights in a war that he doesnt even know why it began. In the next section of the scene, we are introduced to General Melchett. He does not have to live in the trenches; he is a higher ranking member of the army. Like Lieutenant George, General Melchett is a public school boy, who is well educated, but has no real understanding of war and death. General Melchett thinks that the men who are fighting in the war are just numbers, not lives that are being thrown away. He talks about war in sporting terms we ducked and we bobbed and we wove and we damn well won the game 15-4 Earlier in the scene, we hear Baldrick tell Blackadder what he has been making coffee from for the last thirteen months; since they ran out of real coffee. It had been made from hot mud, saliva, and dandruff. At this point in the scene, Baldrick offers Officer Darling a cup of coffee. Being unaware of what the coffee is actually made from, Officer Darling gladly accepts, adding that he would like a milky one. This is dramatic irony because only the audience realise what Darling is going to receive in his coffee cup. Baldrick disappears to make the coffee, the camera cuts from the room, but a horrible throaty noise can be heard from outside the dug-out. When the camera returns to the scene, Baldrick gives Darling the cup of coffee; Darling takes one sip and immediately spits it out. This may be very funny, but it is also outlining the serious issue of rationing and food shortage. Whilst verbal humour is used frequently throughout the episode, several references to war are highlighted by visual humour. The first example of visual humour we see in the final episode of Blackadder Goes Forth is Baldrick eating a cigarette. Edmund Blackadder had offered all of the gentlemen present a cigarette. They all gladly accepted, and all except Baldrick, lit their cigarettes and happily puffed away. However, Baldrick willingly chomped his gift. This is uproarious to watch, but also gives an insight into Baldricks character. He is loyal as he doesnt want to refuse a gift from a peer, but also because he is probably starving due to the serious issue of rationing during the war. Further on in the episode, another serious issue is highlighted by visual humour. Blackadder put two pencils up his nostrils and a pair of underpants on his head; trying to demonstrate that he has gone mad and should be sent home immediately. Blackadder had changed his mind about going over the top; he was scared of the certain death that awaited him there. Blackadder was being pro-active, but unfortunately his plan failed. Towards the end of the episode, we see General Melchett talking to Officer Darling. Whilst Melchett is wearing his bed time attire, he is also sporting and unusual looking item: a hairnet covering his moustache. To the audience this reinforces the fact that they think his is disillusioned; an unusual character. A lot of dramatic devices are used to add to the significance of one specific part of the episode. The social and historical context and the serious issues surrounding war. Dramatic devices are added to the visual humour to reinforce the significance of the scene. For example, Field Marshall Haig takes a sweeping brush and knocks down several toy soldiers off a mock battlefield, and into a dustpan. This dramatic device signifies how senior members of the army rank, who were not fighting on the front line, didnt care how many men were being slaughtered by the German soldiers. Serious issues, such as: rationing, water-logged trenches, the Christmas Truce and the fact that Baldrick didnt even know why the war had begun. The serious issue of rationing is highlighted by the previously mentioned coffee scene, involving Baldrick and Officer Darling, and Baldrick eating a cigarette. The Somme Public Baths, no running, shouting or piddling in the shallow end, this entertaining speech that Blackadder recites into the telephone receiver is immediately informing the viewer that is would be possible to swim in the trenches. Again highlighting a serious issue, this time the issue is water-logged trenches. We hear the three main characters Blackadder, Lieutenant George, and Baldrick talking about the previous Christmas, when there had been a ceasefire. The English and German troops played football on no-mans-land. The gunfire had stopped they attempted to swap cigarette cards, and had broken Christmas greetings for each other. When asked if he could remember the Christmas Truce, Blackadder replies Remember? How could I forget? There was no way I was off-side. This again is adding a humorous edge to a serious situation. At the end of the episode, the soldiers take their positions at the bottom of the ladders that they will climb to go over the top. A steady drumbeat is played; this is intended to give the effect of an approaching execution. The whistle is blown and all men advance up the ladders and over the top. All the characters yell, the German soldiers open fire before theyre even off the ladders. The scene changes to slow motion and explosions happen all around them. An echoed piano slowly plays the theme tune; this is a very emotive device, as it creates a sombre atmosphere. The view of the soldiers on the battlefield surrounded by barbed wire, slowly changes into the field as it was in 1989. Overgrown with poppies, grasses and other flowers; peaceful with chirping birds. This emotive dramatic device creates a very dark and sombre atmosphere for the episode and series to end on. I would like to think that the writers purposefully showed the image of the battlefield with poppies, to pay respect to all those who died in the war.

Biography of William Bligh, Captain of the HMS Bounty

Biography of William Bligh, Captain of the HMS Bounty William Bligh (September 9, 1754–December 7, 1817) was a British mariner who had the bad luck, timing and temperament to be aboard two ships- HMS Bounty in 1789 and the HMS Director in 1791- on which the crew mutinied. Accounted in his own time as hero, villain, and then a hero, he retired as a Vice-Admiral to the Lambeth district in London and died peacefully. Fast Facts: William Bligh Known For: Captain of the HMS Bounty during the 1789 mutinyBorn: September 9, 1754 in Plymouth (or perhaps Cornwall), EnglandParents: Francis and Jane Pearce BlighDied: London on December 7, 1817 in LondonEducation: Shipped as captains servant at the age of 7Published Works: The Mutiny on Board HMS BountySpouse: Elizabeth Betsy Betham (m. 1781–his death)Children: Seven Early Life William Bligh was born on September 9, 1754, in Plymouth, England (or perhaps Cornwall), the only son of Francis and Jane Bligh. His father was Chief of Customs at Plymouth, and his mother died in 1770; Francis remarried twice more before dying himself in 1780. From an early age, Bligh was destined for a life at sea as his parents enlisted him as a captains servant to Captain Keith Stewart at the age of 7 years and 9 months. That wasnt a full-time position, that meant occasionally sailing aboard HMS Monmouth. This practice was fairly common as it allowed youngsters to quickly accrue the years of service needed in order to take the exam for lieutenant, and for a ships captain to make a bit of income while in port. Returning home in 1763, he quickly proved himself gifted at mathematics and navigation. After his mothers death, he re-entered the navy in 1770, at the age of 16. William Blighs Early Career Though meant to be a midshipman, Bligh was initially carried as an able seaman as there were no midshipmans vacancies on his ship, HMS Hunter. This soon changed and he received his midshipmans warrant the following year and later served aboard HMS Crescent and HMS Ranger. Quickly becoming well known for his navigation and sailing skills, Bligh was selected by explorer Captain James Cook to accompany his third expedition to the Pacific in 1776. After sitting for his lieutenants exam, Bligh accepted Cooks offer to be sailing master aboard HMS Resolution. On May 1, 1776, he was promoted to lieutenant. Expedition to the Pacific Departing in June 1776, Resolution and HMS Discovery sailed south and entered the Indian Ocean via the Cape of Good Hope. During the voyage, Blighs leg was injured, but he quickly recovered. While crossing the southern Indian Ocean, Cook discovered a small island, which he named Blighs Cap in honor of his sailing master. Over the next year, Cook and his men touched at Tasmania, New Zealand, Tonga, Tahiti, as well as explored the southern coast of Alaska and the Bering Straight. The purpose for his operations off Alaska was a failed search for the Northwest Passage. Returning south in 1778, Cook became the first European to visit Hawaii. He returned the following year and was killed on the Big Island after an altercation with the Hawaiians. During the fighting, Bligh was instrumental in recovering Resolutions foremast which had been taken ashore for repairs. With Cook dead, Captain Charles Clerke of Discovery took command and a final attempt to find the Northwest Passage was attempted. Throughout the voyage, Bligh performed well and lived up to his reputation as a navigator and a chart maker. The expedition returned to England in 1780. Return to England Returning home a hero, Bligh impressed his superiors with his performance in the Pacific. On February 4, 1781, he married Elizabeth (Betsy) Betham, the daughter of a customs collector from Manx: he and Betsy would eventually have seven children. Ten days later, Bligh was assigned to HMS Belle Poule as sailing master. That August, he saw action against the Dutch at the Battle of Dogger Bank. After the battle, he was made a lieutenant on HMS Berwick. Over the next two years, he saw regular service at sea until the end of the American War of Independence forced him onto the inactive list. Unemployed, Bligh served as a captain in the merchant service between 1783 and 1787. Voyage of the Bounty In 1787, Bligh was selected as the commander of His Majestys Armed Vessel Bounty and given the mission of sailing to the South Pacific to collect breadfruit trees. It was believed that these trees could be transplanted to the Caribbean to provide inexpensive food for slaves in British colonies. Departing on December 27, 1787, Bligh attempted to enter the Pacific via Cape Horn. After a month of trying, he turned and sailed east around the Cape of Good Hope. The voyage to Tahiti proved smooth and few punishments were given to the crew. As Bounty was rated as a cutter, Bligh was the only officer on board. To permit his men longer periods of uninterrupted sleep, he divided the crew into three watches. In addition, he raised Masters Mate Fletcher Christian to the rank of acting lieutenant so that he could oversee one of the watches. The delay off Cape Horn led to a five-month delay in Tahiti, as they had to wait for the breadfruit trees to mature enough to transport. Over this period, naval discipline began to break down as the crew took native wives and enjoyed the islands warm sun. At one point, three crewmen attempted to desert but were captured. Though they were punished, it was less severe than recommended. Mutiny In addition to the behavior of the crew, several of the senior warrant officers, such as the boatswain and sailmaker, were negligent in their duties. On April 4, 1789, Bounty departed Tahiti, much to the displeasure of many of the crew. On the night of April 28, Fletcher Christian and 18 of the crew surprised and bound Bligh in his cabin. Dragging him on deck, Christian bloodlessly took control of the ship despite the fact that most of the crew sided with the captain. Bligh and 18 loyalists were forced over the side into Bountys cutter and given a sextant, four cutlasses, and several days food and water. Voyage to Timor As Bounty turned to return to Tahiti, Bligh set course for the nearest European outpost at Timor. Though dangerously overloaded, Bligh succeeded in sailing the cutter first to Tofua for supplies, then on to Timor. After sailing 3,618 miles, Bligh arrived at Timor after a 47-day voyage. Only one man was lost during the ordeal when he was killed by natives on Tofua. Moving on to Batavia, Bligh was able to secure transport back to England. In October 1790, Bligh was honorably acquitted for the loss of Bounty and records show him to have been a compassionate commander who frequently spared the lash. Subsequent Career In 1791, Bligh returned to Tahiti aboard HMS Providence to complete the breadfruit mission. The plants were successfully delivered to the Caribbean without any trouble. Five years later, Bligh was promoted to captain and given command of HMS Director. While aboard, his crew mutinied as part of the greater Spithead and Nore mutinies which occurred over the Royal Navys handling of pay and prize money. Standing by his crew, Bligh was commended by both sides for his handling of the situation. In October of that year, Bligh commanded Director at the Battle of Camperdown and successfully fought three Dutch ships at once. Leaving Director, Bligh was given HMS Glatton. Participating in the 1801 Battle of Copenhagen, Bligh played a key role when he elected to continue flying Vice-Admiral Horatio Nelsons signal for battle rather than hoisting Admiral Sir Hyde Parkers signal to break off the fight. In 1805, Bligh was made governor of New South Wales (Australia) and tasked with ending the illegal rum trade in the area. Arriving in Australia, he made enemies of the army and several of the locals by fighting the rum trade and aiding distressed farmers. This discontent led to Bligh being deposed in the 1808 Rum Rebellion. Death After spending over a year collecting evidence, he returned home in 1810  and was vindicated by the government. Promoted to rear admiral in 1810, and vice-admiral fours years later, Bligh never held another sea command. He died while visiting his doctor on Bond Street in London on December 7, 1817. Sources Alexander, Caroline. The Bounty: The True Story of the Mutiny on the Bounty. New York: Penguin Books, 2003.Bligh, William and Edward Christian. The Bounty Mutiny. New York: Penguin, 2001.Daly, Gerald J. Captain William Bligh in Dublin, 1800-1801. Dublin Historical Record 44.1 (1991): 20–33. OMara, Richard. â€Å"Voyages of the Bounty.† The Sewanee Review 115.3 (2007):462–469.  Salmond, Anne. Bligh: William Bligh in the South Seas. Santa Barbara: University of California Press, 2011.

Tourism in Turkey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Tourism in Turkey - Essay Example Also, the industry provided employment to around 7% of total employed workers (estimated 1.8 million) either directly and/or indirectly. These people include transporters, artisans (who produce and sell traditional Turkish handicrafts), tour guides, airline(s) employees, commercial agencies, hotels’ and restaurants’ workers and others etc. In addition, the number of tourists in turkey has jumped from around 5 millions in 1990 to over 20 millions in 2005 which is mainly attributed to improvement in infrastructure, tourism regions and sites. The growth rate of this industry remained over 10% in the recent years, despite the fact that economic meltdown and credit crises deteriorated the business outlook. More specifically, Hotel Industry has observed tremendous growth of nearly 6% per annum from 1998 to 2008 as the owners or groups have continuously expanded their bed capacities. The country has an intention to increase the tourists’ arrivals and revenues to 63 mill ions and US $86 billion respectively by 2023. Various new projects are in pipeline to hasten the development of tourist regions that will be discussed below. (Eco Report, p.14), (Invest Support and Promotion Agency Report, pp. 4-9) and (Aslan, Kula and Kaplan, pp.66-67) The country enjoys the reputation of having culturally and historically rich places (its ancient civilization and archeological sites), enticing lakes as it has long (5,000 miles) coastline / sea shore, mountains, a relatively well-developed infrastructure and recent improvements, innovations and updating in hospitality. The major cities that have attracted more than 60% of tourists include Istanbul (federal capital), Ankara, Konya, Bursa, Adana and Ä °zmir (‘with destinations such as Antalya MuÄŸla and AydÄ ±n’). As highlighted in Investment Support and Promotion’s report, Turkey is ‘surrounded by 3 different seas with